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Death of Ian Tomlinson
Ian Tomlinson (7 February 1962 – 1 April 2009) was a newspaper vendor who collapsed and died in the City of London after being struck by a police officer during the 2009 G-20 summit protests. An inquest found that he had been unlawfully killed by the officer, Simon Harwood, a constable with London's Metropolitan Police Service.〔 Harwood was later found not guilty of manslaughter, but was dismissed from the police service for gross misconduct.〔Peter Walker, Paul Lewis, ("Ian Tomlinson death: Simon Harwood cleared of manslaughter" ), ''The Guardian'', 19 July 2012.
Peter Walker, ("Ian Tomlinson case: PC Simon Harwood sacked for gross misconduct" ), ''The Guardian'', 17 September 2012.〕
The first autopsy had concluded that Tomlinson died of natural causes after suffering a heart attack. His death became controversial a week later when ''The Guardian'' published video that showed Harwood striking Tomlinson on the leg with a baton, then pushing him to the ground. The footage showed no provocation on Tomlinson's part; he was not a protester, and at the time he was struck was on his way home from work. He walked away after the incident, but collapsed and died minutes later.〔Paul Lewis, ("Ian Tomlinson death: Guardian video reveals police attack on man who died at G20 protest" ), ''The Guardian'', 7 April 2009.〕
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) began a criminal inquiry, and further autopsies indicated that Tomlinson had died from internal bleeding caused by blunt force trauma to the abdomen, in association with cirrhosis of the liver. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided not to charge Harwood, because the disagreement between the first and later pathologists meant they could not show a causal link between the death and alleged assault.〔("CPS: No charges over Ian Tomlinson's death" ), statement from Keir Starmer, director of the Crown Prosecution Service, BBC News, 22 July 2010; ("CPS statement on the death of Ian Tomlinson" ), ''The Guardian'', 22 July 2010.〕 That position changed in 2011 when an inquest jury returned a verdict of unlawful killing; the CPS then charged Harwood with manslaughter.〔 He was found not guilty in 2012 and dismissed from the service a few months later.〔
Tomlinson's death sparked a debate in the UK about the deteriorating relationship between the police and public, and the independence of the IPCC.〔Sarah Lyall, ("Critics Assail British Police for Harsh Tactics During the G-20 Summit Meeting" ), ''The New York Times'', 30 May 2009.〕 There was criticism of the news coverage too: the mayor of London, Boris Johnson, called it "an orgy of cop bashing."〔Nathan Bleaken, ("Boris Johnson condemns media response to G20 policing" ), ''The Guardian'', 23 April 2009.〕 The incident was compared to other deaths involving police contact or allegedly inadequate investigations, such as the deaths of Blair Peach (1979), Stephen Lawrence (1993) and Jean Charles de Menezes (2005), each of which acted as a watershed in the public's perception of policing.〔Paul Lewis, ("How Ian Tomlinson's death at the G20 protests changed policing" ), ''The Guardian'', 25 November 2009.〕 In response to the concerns, the Chief Inspector of Constabulary, Denis O'Connor, published a 150-page report in 2009 that aimed to restore Britain's consent-based model of policing. ''The Guardian'' called it a blueprint for wholesale reform.〔
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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